The Calculation

How to waste a lot of concrete

2006-12-20T13:19:00.007Z

The Dubai Property Ring have recently announced plans to build the world's first fully rotating residential tower, and as if that wasn't a grand-enough plan, the rotation will be entirely managed via solar energy [1]! So, apart from this quite ridiculous idea, what are the other skyscrapers of note?

As it is the current record holder (for roof height), the first mention should go to fantastic Taipei 101 [2]. Built in 2004, it stands 449.2 m high, has 101 rooms above the ground, and has the fastest elevator in the world (60.4 km/h). There are some people however, that only recognise the measure of a building to it's architectural top. So if it has a big antenna, that counts too. In that case, the Sears Tower [3], finished in 1973 and standing at a total height of 527.3 m is the winner. Anyone can see however that it is no where near as cool as Taipei 101.

By the end of 2008 though, Dubai will probably hold both of these records. The Burj Dubai [4] will have the highest roof (634.3 m) and the highest architectural top (808 m), though this may not last long, as the Mubarak al-Kabir Tower in Kuwait (which is still in the planning stage) is intending to reach 1001 m in height [5]!

However, none of these buildings come close to the STAGGERING INSANITY of the Ryugyong Hotel in North Korea [6]. It stands as a 330 m high shell of concrete, and with 3000 rooms would be the largest hotel in the world if it were ever completed, which is apparently not going to happen, due to them using poor quality concrete (eek!). It remains with no windows, no doors and is completely empty. Despite the fact that is was completely unnecessary (how many people actually visit Pyongyang?), the struggling country spent a whopping 2% of it's own GDP during its construction phase. Strangely, the following quote from George Orwell's 1984 describes the building almost exactly [7].

"...The Ministry of Truth—Minitrue, in Newspeak—was startlingly different from any other object in sight. It was an enormous pyramidal structure of glittering white concrete, soaring up, terrace after terrace, three hundred meters into the air...The Ministry of Truth contained, it was said, three thousand rooms above ground level, and corresponding ramifications below..."

[1] http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/11/30/10086170.html
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sears_Tower
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Dubai
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak_al-Kabir_Tower
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryugyong_Hotel
[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/pyongyang/105buildingindex.htm

They died with their boots (glued) on...

2006-11-27T13:09:00.000Z

The flea circus, which I had always assumed comprised entirely of mechanical (and well synchronised) gymnastic apparatus, is apparently completely real! This may not surprise or worry you, but I've seen The City of Lost Children too many times to not discover more...

So, which flea to use? The connoisseur's choice seems to be the female human flea Pulex irritans, which grows to around 4mm long. To begin with, they must be trained to not jump, which is achieved simply by keeping them in a jar with a lid. Apparently, after repeatedly hitting their head on the lid of the jar, they learn to jump to a lesser height and never regain the ability to jump any higher. Next, a harness (!) of gold thread is tied around their neck (!), which allows you to hilariously tether them to whatever mechanical contraption you have to hand. The 'Chariot Race' seems to be a popular choice [1].

Unfortunately, not all fleas get to spend their lives tethered to chariots for our amusement. At one time fleas were actually glued down to a scene with musical instruments glued to their limbs, with the entire scene heated so that their agonised flailing be made to look like a performance [2].

To be honest, the whole thing freaks me out...

[1] http://www.noonco.com/flea/agitators_streaming.htm
[2] http://www.noonco.com/flea/faq.htm

Image graciously provided by Reilly Stroope

Aeroplanes use less fuel than cars

2006-11-20T15:36:00.001Z

Flybe use the De Havilland Dash-8 Q400 Turboprop for their internal business flights. Take for example their flight from Manchester to Exeter. In the car, this journey is 240 miles [1], and let's suppose the plane takes a similar-length route.

The plane holds 80 people, and has a maximum range of 1567 miles on a full tank (6526 litres), based on pretty much a full plane [2]. The journey is about 15% of the plane's maximum range, so let's say it uses 15% of a full-tank. This works out to be roughly 1000 litres of aviation fuel, with an almost full load.

If the same 80 people drove 80 cars on the same journey, and each of them were achieving 50 miles/gallon (a very generous assumption!). For the whole journey, they would use a total of 384 gallons, or 1745 litres of fuel. This is in spite of that fact that both aviation fuel and unleaded petrol/gasoline exhibit similar energy densities (~45MJ/kg) [3][4].

[1] AA Route Planner
[2] http://www.q400.com/q400/en/specifications.jsp
[3] http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/EvelynGofman.shtml
[4] http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/ArthurGolnik.shtml

Image courtesy of preshaa

You could liquidise all the humans on the planet and fill lake Windermere

2006-11-20T12:56:00.000Z

The adage about the population of the world being able to stand up on the Isle of White is no longer true and furthermore dull. We decided that an entriely new statistic on the world's population would be a good thing.

The world's population has just reached 6.5bn (6,500,000,000) [1]. So, if we assume the average person on the planet weighs 60kg (and that we are mostly water, which weighs 1kg/litre), each human would create 60 litres of knobbly human jam. Nice. So, we've got 360bn litres of 'jam', but where can it go? Lake Windermere, the largest lake in England holds roughly 300bn litres of water [2]. Taking account of the fact that we are not totally comprised of water, an 83.3% liquid yield from everyone on the planet would make it spot on. A decline in tourism may however ensue.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population
[2] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/5343646.stm